Efikasi Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Duku (Lansium domesticum) terhadap Mortalitas Pediculus humanus capitis

Abstract

Resistensi pedikulosida sintetik dan efek sampingnya mendorong pencarian alternatif alami. Ekstrak etanol kulit duku (Lansium domesticum) telah diteliti, namun ekstraksi etil asetat untuk optimalisasi senyawa bioaktif triterpenoid belum dieksplorasi. Tujuan: Menentukan nilai LC₅₀ ekstrak etil asetat kulit duku terhadap telur, nimfa, dan dewasa Pediculus humanus capitis. Metode: Eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post-test only control group. Sampel (telur=45, nimfa=15, dewasa=15 per konsentrasi) diambil dari panti asuhan Pekanbaru. Perlakuan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20% selama 1 jam dengan kontrol positif (Peditox®) dan negatif (DMSO-aquadest). Analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan uji Tukey (p<0,01). Hasil: Mortalitas tertinggi pada konsentrasi 20%: inaktivasi telur 91,11% (LC₅₀=8,5%), mortalitas nimfa 80% (LC₅₀=13,2%), mortalitas dewasa 66,67% (LC₅₀=18,7%). Perbedaan signifikan vs. kontrol (p=0,007) dan ekstrak etanol sebelumnya (p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etil asetat kulit duku efektif sebagai pedikulosida alami, dengan keunggulan 35,7% pada fase telur vs. ekstrak etanol. Optimalisasi pelarut ini berpotensi menjadi strategi penanggulangan resistensi kutu rambut.

Resistance to synthetic pediculicides and their side effects have prompted the search for natural alternatives. Ethanol extracts of duku peel (Lansium domesticum) have been studied, but ethyl acetate extraction for the optimization of triterpenoid bioactive compounds has not yet been explored. Objective: To determine the LC₅₀ value of ethyl acetate extract of duku peel against eggs, nymphs, and adults of Pediculus humanus capitis. Methods: Laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group design. Samples (eggs=45, nymphs=15, adults=15 per concentration) were collected from an orphanage in Pekanbaru. Treatments at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% for 1 hour with positive control (Peditox®) and negative control (DMSO-aquadest). Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.01). Results: The highest mortality was observed at a concentration of 20%: egg inactivation 91.11% (LC₅₀=8.5%), nymph mortality 80% (LC₅₀=13.2%), adult mortality 66.67% (LC₅₀=18.7%). Significant differences compared to the control (p=0.007) and the previous ethanol extract (p=0.002). Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extract of duku peel is effective as a natural pediculicide, with a 35.7% advantage in the egg stage compared to the ethanol extract. Optimization of this solvent has the potential to become a strategy for addressing head lice resistance.