Perbedaan faktor resiko penyebab stroke pada lansia dan remaja
Differences in risk factors for stroke in the elderly and adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3.281Keywords:
Penyebab stroke, Stroke pada lansia dan remaja, Resiko strokeAbstract
Stroke tidak hanya terjadi pada kelompok usia tua, namun banyak kasus yang terjadi pada usia remaja. Faktor resiko stroke yang terjadi pada lansia hampir sama dengan faktor resiko yang terjadi pada remaja. Tujuan literatur review ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor resiko stroke pada usia remaja dan lansia. Metode penelitian adalah tradisional review dengan kriteria inklusi artikel dari jurnal nasional dan internasional yang terkait variabel, dengan desain penelitian kohort dan cross sectional yang terbit 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hipertensi menjadi penyebab stroke yang terbanyak pada usia lansia dan remaja dengan nilai p=value <0,001, hiperglikemia/diabetes mellitus, merokok, hiperlipidemia, plak karotis dan kardiomiopati juga merupakan faktor resiko stroke pada lansia dan remaja memiliki nilai p=value <0,001. Kurang olahraga dan obesitas menjadi faktor resiko stroke pada remaja yang tidak ditemukan lansia, sedangkan usia merupakan faktor risiko lansia dan tidak merupakan faktor risiko stroke pada remaja. Dapat disimpulkan hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko stroke dominan pada remaja dan lansia disamping diabetes melitus, merokok, hiperlipidemia, kardiomiopati dan plak karotis.
Stroke does not only occur in the old age group, but many cases occur in adolescents. The risk factors for stroke that occur in the elderly are almost the same as the risk factors that occur in adolescents. The purpose of the literature is to determine the risk factors for stroke in adolescents and the elderly. The research method is a traditional review with the inclusion criteria of articles from national and international journals related to variables, with a cohort and cross-sectional research design published in the last 10 years. The results showed that hypertension was the most common cause of stroke in the elderly and adolescents with p = value <0.001, hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, carotid plaque and cardiomyopathy were also risk factors for stroke in the elderly and adolescents having p = value < 0.001. Lack of exercise and obesity are risk factor for stroke in adolescents but are not found in the elderly, while age is a risk factors for the elderly and is not risk factor for stroke in adolescents. It can be concluded that hypertension is the dominant stroke risk factor in adolescents and the elderly in addition to diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, cardiomyopathy and carotid plaque
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