Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hipoglikemia pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II

Abstract

Hipoglikemia merupakan salah satu komplikasi akut pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang dapat terjadi berulang dan mengakibatkan kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian hipoglikemia pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain literatur review adalah Tradisional Review. Penelusuran literatur melalui database Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan Science Direct menggunakan strategi PEOS framework yang terdiri dari P (population): Pasien DM tipe 2 dengan hipoglikemia, E (Exposure): faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hipoglikemia, O (Outcome): Faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hopiglikemia, S (Study Design): cross sectional, case-control, dan cohort. Penelusuran dengan kata kunci faktor risiko or risk factor, hipoglikemia or hypoglycemia, DM tipe 2 or type 2 Diabetes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian hipoglikemia adalah jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendidikan, usia, sikap, pengetahuan, BMI yang rendah, terapi insulin+sulfonylurea+anti hiperglikemik agen, monitoring gula darah mandiri, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, durasi lamanya diabetes, adanya infeksi dan komorbid, olahraga yang berlebih, HbA1c, dan pola makan. Kesimpulannya, faktor sikap paling dominan karena ketika seseorang menerima hal baru maka ia akan menyikapinya dengan positif atau pun negatif sehingga akan menimbulkan terjadinya suatu perilaku tertentu. Saran bagi penderita hipoglikemia agar menjaga kesehatan, rutin kontrol, dan kebugaran diri serta pada fasilitas kesehatan perlu diadakan edukasi untuk mencegah risiko dan tanda gejala penyakit hipoglikemia.

Hypoglycemia is one of the acute complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus that can occur repeatedly and result in death. The purpose of this study was to find out about the factors that influence the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The design of the literature review is a traditional review. A literature search through the Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases used the PEOS framework strategy consisting of P (population): Type 2 DM patients with hypoglycemia; E (exposure): factors that influence the incidence of hypoglycemia; O (outcome): factors that influence the incidence of hypoglycemia; and S (study design): cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort. Search with keywords such as risk factor or risk factor, hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia, and type 2 DM or type 2 diabetes. " The results showed that the factors that influence the incidence of hypoglycemia are gender, occupation, education, age, attitude, knowledge, low BMI, insulin therapy + sulfonylurea + anti-hyperglycemic agents, self-monitoring of blood sugar, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, duration of diabetes, presence of infections and comorbidities, excessive exercise, HbA1c, and diet. In conclusion, the attitude factor is the most dominant because when a person accepts something new, he will react positively or negatively so that it will lead to a certain behavior. Suggestions for hypoglycemia sufferers to maintain health, routine control, and self-fitness, as well as education at health facilities to prevent the risks and signs of hypoglycemia, because when a person accepts something new, he will react positively or negatively so that it will lead to a certain behavior. Suggestions for hypoglycemia sufferers to maintain health, routine control, and self-fitness, as well as education at health facilities to prevent the risks and signs of hypoglycemia.